low-to-mid latitude ground sites. Hence, the low duty cycle of a single LEO SunTower does not offer effective power beaming except possibly for niche markets. A large constellation of these satellites may be cost-effective for augmenting peak power demands of some market segments - this will be examined in a later section of the report. Figure 4-11 Typical Characteristics of LEO SunTower - GEO Relay Link At the other extreme, a GEO satellite can transmit power on a near-continuous basis to ground sites within a 52.5° offset in latitude or longitude relative to its stationary position. Required beam slewing off nadir is less than 7.5° for a 30° beam elevation mask Since the slant range from GEO is large (35,800 to 38,600 km), the beam coupling efficiency would be significantly reduced, unless the transmitter and/or receiver diameters are increased. Taking the previous example of a 13° latitude site and assuming
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