The normalized energy received is given by the time integral of beam coupling efficiency modified by the attenuation effect of an off-normal wavefront falling on the planar rectenna: where with Dt and Dr being the diameters of the transmitter and receiver arrays, To simplify calculation in the SSM spreadsheet, an approximation of the integration is employed that uses contact time and 3 values of the parameter pairs (S, E); these quantities are readily calculated from the geometric equations of an optimally aligned pass, these data points correspond to the minimum, mean, and maximum values of slant range over the pass. For the example shown in Figure 4-8, (S, E) values are The remaining step in the calculation obtains the average daily energy received at a specified ground site latitude as the product Figure 4-9 Four Subsequent Passes During One Day SunTower at 13 deg N Latitude Site
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