Complex dynamic test units are the analogs of mathematical models of docking dynamics. These test units reproduce: basic inertial, geometric, rigidity, and other characteristics of spacecraft; relative motion of the docked spacecraft in weightlessness; initial conditions (relative positions and velocities) in a given range; interaction of the docking assemblies; action of control systems; ambient conditions (vacuum, heating and cooling of construction, etc.). To record the results and subsequently analyze them one must record the parameters of the docking process, the operation of the construction, and the testing conditions. To perform this complex task one needs complex multi-plane test units which use various mechanisms, structural elements, and automatic devices, drive equipment and computers, recording equipment, thermal regulation and vacuum equipment, etc. The creation and debugging, as well as the testing itself and processing of the results requires substantial efforts, funds, time, and highly trained specialists. Thus, in preliminary testing of the shock absorption system and acceptance testing of the docking mechanism and docking assemblies one needs simpler test units. The equivalent schemes of impact are mathematical analogs of these test units, as well as their theoretical basis, the method of selecting the principal scheme and calculation of its parameters. Some of the test units are created specially to perform dynamic testing in conditions which simulate extreme space conditions, which as a rule are not reproduced in complex dynamic testing, primarily, vacuum. All types and varieties of test units have their advantages and drawbacks, and only a combination of units makes it possible to efficiently construct and perform a sufficiently full testing of the docking device.
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