time, individual substages overlap. For example, combined debugging is done parallel to autonomous testing, before the end of full testing correction of technical documentation begins, and the manufacturing of flight sets of assemblies continues. This overlap can lead to an increase in expenses due to modification of units and assemblies already in production due to testing done at the same time. However, this sequence is frequently justified, since it leads, as a rule, not only to completion of the project in a shorter time, but also, in the final analysis, to an economic savings. Clear planning, valid organization of work, and unconditional performance of this work with, a consideration of the required coordination and quality are a necessary condition to carry out complex space projects. 7.3. Testing and Reliability The main goal of all types of testing is not only the detection of organic, intrinsic defects in a construction, but also individual defects of a specific sample, that is, manufacturing errors. Moreover, the goal of a number of tests is the determination of acceptable ranges of parameters or environments in which the construction can work, as well as a maximum lifetime, reliability indicators, etc. However, testing is effective only in the case where the volume and content of testing is based on previous analysis. This analysis should consider features of the principal scheme, the types of basic potential failures and the degree of criticality of the failure, and possible ranges of ambient and initial conditions, the character and degree of their effect on the docking device, interaction of its mechanisms and elements, and the connection with other spacecraft systems. Also necessary is a detailed linking of testing with theoretical studies and calculations, primarily in the following areas: 1) loads; 2) durability; 3) kinematic parameters; 4) docking dynamics; 5) analysis of failures and flaws. Tn the planning of testing one must consider, first of all, that it is impossible to reproduce simultaneously all the conditions of flight on Earth; second, these conditions are scattered (the number of parameters is substantial); thus, one must separate the testing and sometimes repeat the test many times. As a result, the first, and one of the basic tasks facing the tester is the determination of conditions
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