Qualification testing, as it was called in the Apollo-Soyuz project, is intended to confirm (qualify) the construction for conformance with basic technical requirements, in particular, confirming the correctness and effectiveness of modifications made after testing; qualification testing includes many, and sometimes even all kinds of debugging type testing. Acceptance testing of assemblies and units is done to verify the basic functions of individual parts and the docking device as a whole after its manufacture. Some of the verification operations are also sometimes during the manufacturing of the assemblies. This type of testing is done on 100% of flight assemblies and units. Docking assemblies in technological and model implementations are tested in a number of experimental spacecraft. The docking system undergoes a cycle of testing in an assembled spacecraft, which performs for verification all basic and back-up operations, considering the interaction with other systems participating in the performance of docking or simply operating simultaneously. Testing is done in the debugging stage in a real analog of the spacecraft, as well as in the preparation of the object for flight. A reasonable combination of autonomous and comprehensive testing makes it possible to completely and comprehensively test and verify the construction and the control system. 7.2. Stages of Creation and Testing All the docking devices which have been created up to this time have been planned and tested in a compressed period of time. The first docking devices were created in the sixties, and at this same time the bases of planning were laid for creating space complexes and their individual technical systems. To create complex devices such as docking devices, one must usually plan and execute work in several stages. It takes several years to pass from preliminary developments of the principal scheme to the beginning of flight testing. Considering the volume of work to be done, this period of time is not prolonged; only clear organization of work in planning and the issuing of documentation, on production, in testing, makes it
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