By analogy to the “rod and cone” the characteristics of the angular shock absorbers are staged. The Soyuz APDA was designed in this way. In the APDA the rigid stage of the characteristics was provided by deformation of the transmission elements. To further increase the energy capacity of the angular shock absorbers one can introduce additional springs. The drawback of this method is that the absorption of energy in the second stage of the characteristic should occur at a small angle of rotation of the ring. Greater opportunities are provided by the use of controlled brakes. These brakes are switched on after linkage, and can sharply increase the momenta of the angular shock absorbers to values limited by the durability of the docking mechanism; thus the absorption of energy occurs at a larger angle of rotation. 5.6.7. System with Independent Shock Absorbers Peripheral docking devices with independent shock absorbers were designed for these same basic cases of interaction. If the directions of displacement of the ring and the applied characteristics during deformation of individual groups of shock absorbers are defined, one can use equations of type (5.4) and (5.21). For example, for a simplified scheme of interaction of the rings (Figure 5.25), the deformations of the three groups of shock absorbers and for displacements of mass m3 in the longitudinal direction are described by the equations The independent shock absorbers consist of a spring mechanism and a hydraulic damper (see section 6.5). Viscous friction created by the hydraulic damper is proportional to the square of the velocity of deformation. The characteristic of the shock absorbers is two-staged, and in the second stage the rigidity of the spring and the coefficient of attenuation are increased. The mobility of the ring with guides is provided by the first soft stage of the shock absorber characteristic. The displacement of the ring on independent shock
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