achieve the greatest regulatory and technical flexibility possible at RARC-83, decisions there may affect the rules the FCC (U.S.) will impose on DBS domestically. Interim DBS authorization will not, the FCC asserts, adversely affect the U.S. negotiation position at RARC-83 and will not hinder the FCC in establishing permanent policies in the future. Rather, the commission believes that interim authorizations will provde information valuable in setting permanent rules and policies. It will not assign frequencies or orbital positions until after RARC-83, and all U.S. entities authorized to build a DBS system will have to conform with decisions made at the conference (12). Further, by 1988 DBS, while in an unmanned or manned mode, or from a space platform, or multipurpose satellite, may be at that time in a position to begin paying for itself. Here is ECOSPACE, again. For proof of this, we have only to look at the success of 121 nations with INTELSAT and the success of its manager, COMSAT, which has not only already carried its cost, but has generated funding for the strong advancement of all telecommunications in outer space in the research and the planning cycles. The timing factor, for the proper phrasing of best international policy for law and space is often overlooked. For the above reasons, it is respectfully submitted that 1988 would be the correct timing for DBS with ECOSPACE to be reconsidered for a multilateral treaty, but certainly not before this, due mainly to the current state of DBS science and technology. This is in the interest of all nations and of all mankind. REFERENCES 1. Lubos Perek, Message from the President of the 1AF, L'Espace en I'an 2000 Space 2000, p. 12, ESA, Scientific & Technical Publications Branch, Noordwijk, Netherlands, 1982. Underlined emphasis in Mr. Perek’s quote in this paper represents this ECOSPACE paper’s author’s emphasis. 2. United Nations Document A/Conf. 101/3 20 April, 1982. 3. Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, January 27, 1967, 18 U.S.T. 2410, T.l.A.S. 6347, 610 U.N.T.S. 205 (effective October 10, 1967). 4. Proceedings of ABA President's Function, International Law Section Bulletin, American Bar Association, New York, 1975. 5._________________Soviets Outspending U.S. on Space by $3-4 Billion, Aviation Week & Space Technology, p. 28, McGraw-Hill, New York, July 19, 1982. 6. Ibid. 7. Maintaining Peace in Outer Space, p. 2, The Stanley Foundation, Muscatine, Iowa, 1982. 8. Ibid., page 3. 9._________________FCC Proposes 2° Spacing, Communications Satellite, pp. 18 and 23, Cardiff Publishing Co., Denver, Colorado, November, 1981. 10. Ralph Chipman, editor, The World in Space, pp. 484-485, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1982. II. Dilbert D. Smith and Martin A. Rothblatt, Geostationary Platforms: Legal Estates in Space, Space Law, p. 39, Spring, 1982. 12. Barbara Luxenberg, A Lawyer’s Space: Hat in the Ring for Direct Broadcast Satellites, Astronaut Aeronaut, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York, September, 1982.
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