where n = 0, ± 1, ±2 . . .this assumes that the separation between phase centers, Sx, is equal to the subarray dimension, Lx, with little or no mechanical spacings between subarrays. Composite SPS Pattern The three antenna functions can be combined using the convolutionmultiplication techniques developed earlier. The significance of the individual functions may be summarized as follows: the infinite array of point impulses takes into account the discontinuous phasing from subarray to subarray; the circular antenna function provides circular symmetry for the one-kilometer array and an illumination taper to improve rectenna collection efficiency; and the subarray pattern gives the transmission characteristics of the fundamental unit in the array. The composite Gaussian transmit antenna distribution can be written using Eqs. 10, 11, 21, and 24. is the pilot beam conjugated phase inserted at the center of each subarray (refer tc Eq. 5). The composite SPS ground electric field can be written in terms of the convolution integral using Eqs. 10, 14, 22, and 25. The variables Xm.n and Ym,n are used to specify distances from each grating lobe m,n. The composite antenna pattern for a Guassiar illumination taper is
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