derived for species with chemical lifetimes that are short compared with the transport times by considering the continuity equation for species i; where X is the concentration of the species (molecules/cm3), t is the time (sec), F is the flux (molecules/cm2/s, P represents the photochemical production rate (molecules/cm3/s) of the species, and C represents the photochemical loss rate, s-1. For conditions near steady state; dX/dt = 0, hence Eq. 10 can be rearranged to solve for X:
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