surface, either through changes in the extinction of visible solar radiation or through changes in the transfer of infrared radiation. Dynamical mechanisms involve high- level circulation changes, including changes in reflection and absorption of planetary waves, that force changes in tropospheric winds, pressure, and temperature. Radiative mechanisms for climatic change have been examined in a number of radiative-convective one-dimensional models, including those of Ramanathan et al. (50), Schneider and Coakley (51), and Manabe and Wetherald (52). Such models examine the globally averaged radiative balance for various atmospheric compositions, with dynamics essentially excluded, except for the constraint that vertical temperature gradients cannot exceed some critical value, sometimes taken as the adiabatic lapse rate. An examination of the results of these models indicates that the
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