where he served as civil engineer and union arbitrator. In one, he said, the architecture was unimaginative, the few women were kept in separate quarters and the amenities were austere. In spite of the many guards the crime rate was high and although alcohol was forbidden there was a great deal of drinking. In the other facility, which was designed with recreation rooms and more attractive quarters shared by a larger proportion of women on a coed basis, there were no guards and the crime rate was very low. Tom Taylor's subject, however, was using the Shuttle external tank as a space station. It is, in effect, two tanks, one for liquid hydrogen and one for liquid oxygen. It is half as long as a football field and ITh feet in diameter; 487 tanks are scheduled to be built. In use, they reach 97% of orbital velocity. A 10,000 pound payload penalty would take them into orbit. They could be readily fitted with an aft cargo compartment capable of holding eight people. The tank as a whole could be used as a repair shop with relatively little adaptation. James Arnold was the Wednesday evening banquet speaker. He gave a splendid inspirational talk in which he proposed two essentials to accomplishment— persistence, or stick-at-it-ness, and naivety, and attitude that overlooks the often too careful prognostications of experts. A naive faith provides the courage and the drive to get things done. “We are deliberately setting out to change history,” he said, “and this is a dangerous business.” He then quoted Henry Norris Russel as saying that the human race is on the moral firing line of the universe. He said that the tactical situation in 1981 is bad but the tactical situation is nearly always bad. The strategic situation, however, is important and we must keep the faith and work on that. Early in the talk, Professor Arnold said “Dear friends, I think we have it” and at the end he spoke of embarking on the ocean of space, saying “One of these days we are going to be there.” Thursday morning was given to summarizing the conference. In introducing the session, Jerry Grey predicted a major industrial expansion in space in the next two decades. He said that gross revenues from satellite communications last year exceeded the entire NASA investment in satellites in the 60s. He hoped that the Space Shuttle will prove to be low cost and flexible. Now, he said, we must use the environment, not just the vantage point, of space and begin to use the solar energy which is up there, and the temperature ranges. This will lead to new ways of doing things. It is ridiculous, he said, to assume that all the experiments in space will be successful, but it is equally ridiculous to assume that all the experiments will be failures. The opening of the new physical environment and the beginning of space industrialization will require materials, structures, and new uses of space. This conference will be a source of information in this field. Edward R. Finch summarized the session on international and legal considerations. He was asked how many nations had signed the Moon treaty. He said that twelve had signed, but none have satisfied the requirements for a binding treaty and that France and the Philippines were among the first to support the treaty. Fred Golden of Time magazine asked what some of the objectives of the Soyuz- Shuttle agreement might be. Finch replied that there was real cooperation between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. on space law and on space in general and that the U.S.S.R. periodical Soviet Life said the Soviets would like such an agreement. Another questioner asked whether the administration had said “This is not the time” to get on with the space program. Jerry Grey replied that he suspected President Reagan has not gotten around to the space program as yet, but would after a while. Charles A. Rosen of Machine Intelligence Corp, summarized the session on
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