brates similar in size to the honey bee probably will not be affected by SPS frequency microwaves. Further experiments involving exposure of greater numbers of honey bee colonies to various power densities are required before firm conclusions can be drawn. Perhaps the potential environmental impact of the SPS microwave power transmission system can be put into proper perspective by noting that other forms of electromagnetic energy, viz., high voltage transmission lines presently in our environment, are causing biological effects of significant magnitude to honey bees (6-8). This suggests that there may be a greater risk to invertebrates by a.c. and d.c. electrical transmission lines associated with the rectennae than from the microwaves in the area. Acknowledgements — This research was supported by the Department of Energy (Satellite Power System Project Office and Office of Health and Environmental Research) through Argonne National Laboratory (contract numbers 31-109-38-4442 and 31-109-38-5066) and NASA (contract number NAS2-9539). The authors thank S. Cobey, P. Harizanis, K. Lorenzen, S. Molnar, and T. Webster for assisting with this research. J. Ali (EPA-Research Triangle Park) and J. McGrath provided engineering services. REFERENCES 1. P. E. Glaser. The Earth Benefits of Solar Power Satellites, Space Solar Power Rev. 1, 9-38, 1980. 2. R. A. Herendeen, T. Kary, and J. Rebitzer, Energy Analysis of the Solar Power Satellite, Science 205, 451-454, 1979. 3. F. A. Koomanoff and C. A. Sandahi. Status of the Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program, Space Solar Power Rev. 1, 67-77, 1980. 4. N. E. Gary and B. B. Westerdahl, in Research Plan for Study of Biological and Ecological Effects of the Solar Power Satellite Transmission System, NASA Contractor Report 3044, pp. 144-202, 1978. Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. 5. D. A. Christensen, A New Nonperturbing Temperature Probe Using Semiconductor Band Edge Shift, J. Bioeng. 1, 541-545, 1977. 6. R. Paul and U. Warnke, Das verhalten von bienevolkem unter hochspannungsleitungen, Biene. Ill, 68-69, 1975. 7. G. Wellenstein, Der einflub von hochspannungsleitungen auf fienen volker, Z. agnew. Entomol. 14, 86-94, 1973. 8. B. Greenberg, J. C. Kunich, and V. P. Bindokas, The Effects of High Voltage Transmission Lines on Honey Bees, Interim Report, EPRI EA-0841, 1978. Available from Electric Power Research Institute, Research Reports Center, P.O. Box 50490, Palo Alto, California 94303.
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