from now. The purpose of research funding is to narrow the distribution over the next five years and with prototype and demonstration programs, to find out which of the two or three potential distributions in terms of expected benefits SPS promises. In addition to these different elements of economic rationale, one additional, important factor has to be considered for SPS; that is the fossil fuel price structures and the price effects from long-term viable inexhaustible energy options. A fact essentially unnoticed is that long-term viable energy options also have short-term, very immediate benefits. These immediate benefits result from the influence longterm viable inexhaustible energy options will have on fossil fuel price structures between spot and future markets. For commodities that can be stored at very low cost — the key factor influencing spot to future price relationships — is essentially the cost of interest, or for economic systems as a whole, the social rate of interest. Future prices should differ at most from spot prices (in an upward direction) by the interest foregone in the present from Fig. 3. Spot and maximal futures price relationships for storable commodities. Fig. 2. Buying of information to reduce uncertainties.
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