preceding 7 day mean TEC was observed at Hamilton, Massachusetts (42. 6°N, 70.8°W). The variation in TEC during the storm (proportional to ) and the subsequent response of the ionosphere is shown in Figure 3-12. The maximum TEC was . The corresponding predicted Faraday rotation and polarization loss for the Northeast and Southwest sites are as follows: If the receiving antenna is aligned to compensate for the mean rotation under quiet conditions then an inspection of the TEC records in the AFCRL storm atlas shows a 1 percent loss could be expected 3 times a year. 3.6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS For the atmosphere at frequencies below 3 GHz; a. Absorption and scattering effects are small except for wet hail. b. Refraction changes and gradients cause negligible displacement or dispersion of the high power beam, and do not significantly degrade a ground based pilot phase front as seen at the orbital power transmitting antenna. For the ionosphere at frequencies above 1 GHz: a. Refraction changes and gradients cause negligible displacement or dispersion of the high power beam, and do not significantly degrade a ground based pilot phase front as seen at the transmitting antenna. b. Absorption and scattering effects are negligible. c. Faraday rotation has only a small effect for a linearly polarized receiving antenna. d. Changes in electron density caused by power densities of and above at 2. 45 GHz need to be investigated for possible effects on other ionosphere users. e. Possibility of noise and harmonic radiation (radio frequency interference effects) should be investigated.
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